How to understand word／lexicon／lexeme／vocabulary r

正确答案：“Word”is the most commonly referred to by peopletherefore its meaning is inevitably vague and elusive．It may be defined as“the smallest unit of language that people can understand if it is said or written on its own”．A“desk”is a word in English but“de”or“dis”are noteven they are meaningful morphemes．“Lexicon”is more or less the same as vocabulary except that in technical senseit deals with the analysis and creation of wordsidioms and collocations．A lexeme is the most technical term among these forms．It is the abstract unit which refers to the smallest unit in the meaning system that can be distinguished from other smaller units．For instancethe word“break”has several forms such as brokebrokenbreakingand it would have more than ten different forms if in Frenchyet it has only one lexeme． “Vocabulary”refers to the whole load of words used／understood by a person．“字词”是被人们用得最多的一种表示意义的单位因而其含义也难免模糊不易定义。可以将它定义为“独立说出或写出时能被人们理解的最小的语言单位”。在英语中desk是个词但de或dis不是尽管它们是有意义的语素。“词汇”的意思接近“词汇量”只是它偏重于对字词、习语和惯用搭配的分析及创造。“词位”恐怕是这些概念表达中最学究的字眼。它是一个抽象的概念指语言的意义体系中能与其他较小单位相区别的最小的单位。如break一词有好几种形态若是法语其形态会多达10种以上但break只有一个词位即break。词汇量通常指一个人运用或能理解的词汇总数量。
“Word”isthemostcommonlyreferredtobypeople,thereforeitsmeaningisinevitablyvagueandelusive．Itmaybedefinedas“thesmallestunitoflanguagethatpeoplecanunderstandifitissaidorwrittenonitsown”．A“desk”isawordinEnglishbut“de”or“dis”arenot,eventheyaremeaningfulmorphemes．“Lexicon”ismoreorlessthesameasvocabularyexceptthatintechnicalsense,itdealswiththeanalysisandcreationofwords,idiomsandcollocations．Alexemeisthemosttechnicaltermamongtheseforms．Itistheabstractunitwhichreferstothesmallestunitinthemeaningsystemthatcanbedistinguishedfromothersmallerunits．Forinstance,theword“break”hasseveralformssuchasbroke,broken,breaking,anditwouldhavemorethantendifferentformsifinFrench,yetithasonlyonelexeme．“Vocabulary”referstothewholeloadofwordsused／understoodbyaperson．“字词”是被人们用得最多的一种表示意义的单位,因而其含义也难免模糊,不易定义。可以将它定义为“独立说出或写出时能被人们理解的最小的语言单位”。在英语中desk是个词,但de或dis不是,尽管它们是有意义的语素。“词汇”的意思接近“词汇量”,只是它偏重于对字词、习语和惯用搭配的分析及创造。“词位”恐怕是这些概念表达中最学究的字眼。它是一个抽象的概念,指语言的意义体系中能与其他较小单位相区别的最小的单位。如break一词,有好几种形态,若是法语,其形态会多达10种以上,但break只有一个词位,即break。词汇量通常指一个人运用或能理解的词汇总数量。