What is Contextualism? 什么是语境论?请帮忙给出正确答案和分析 谢谢！

正确答案：“Contextualism”is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning fromor reduce it toobservable context：the situational context and the linguistic context．Every utterance occurs in a particular spatio—temporal environmentas the following factors are related to the situational context：(1)the speaker and the hearer；(2)the actions they are performing at the time；(3)various external objects and events；(4)deictic features．The linguistic context is concerned only with theprobability of one word’s co-occurrence or collocation with anotherwhich forms part of the“meaning”and an important factor in communication． 人们假设可以从可观察的语境(情景语境和语言语境)中推知词义或意义这就是语境论的由来。每句话都是在一定的时空情景中说出来的这就是“情景语境”。它有以下四个因素：(1)讲话人和听话人；(2)当时交流双方在做的事情；(3)其他外在的事件或物；(4)指示成分。语言语境只涉及词之间的共现或搭配。这种共现和搭配形成了词义的一部分也是交际中的一个重要因素。
“Contextualism”isbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfrom,orreduceitto,observablecontext：thesituationalcontextandthelinguisticcontext．Everyutteranceoccursinaparticularspatio—temporalenvironment,asthefollowingfactorsarerelatedtothesituationalcontext：(1)thespeakerandthehearer；(2)theactionstheyareperformingatthetime；(3)variousexternalobjectsandevents；(4)deicticfeatures．Thelinguisticcontextisconcernedonlywiththeprobabilityofoneword’sco-occurrenceorcollocationwithanother,whichformspartofthe“meaning”,andanimportantfactorincommunication．人们假设可以从可观察的语境(情景语境和语言语境)中推知词义或意义,这就是语境论的由来。每句话都是在一定的时空情景中说出来的,这就是“情景语境”。它有以下四个因素：(1)讲话人和听话人；(2)当时交流双方在做的事情；(3)其他外在的事件或物；(4)指示成分。语言语境只涉及词之间的共现或搭配。这种共现和搭配形成了词义的一部分,也是交际中的一个重要因素。