What is the distinction between competence and per

正确答案：Chomsky proposed this concept．“Competence”refers to the ideal user’s knowledge of rules of his languagethat isof its sound structureits words and its grammatical rules．A transformational-generative grammar is a model of language competence．“Performance”refers to the actualization of the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances．It means the actual saying of somethingthe act of speech itself． Competence enables a speaker to produce and understand verbal expressions．A speaker’s competence is stable while his performance is often influenced by psychological and social factors．A speaker’s performance does not always equal his supposed competence． 美国语言学家乔姆斯基提出这一对概念。“语言能力”指理想的语言使用者的抽象语言知识也就是他对该语言的语音结构、词素和语法规则的知识。例如生成转换语法。“语言运用”指理想的语言使用者的语言知识在实际的语言交际中的运用。它指言语行为的本身。语言能力使人能按一定的规则表达能明白对方的话语。语言能力是相对稳定的而语言运用往往受制于心理和社会因素。因此说话者的语言运用并非总等同于他应具有的语言能力。
Chomskyproposedthisconcept．“Competence”referstotheidealuser’sknowledgeofrulesofhislanguage,thatis,ofitssoundstructure,itswordsanditsgrammaticalrules．Atransformational-generativegrammarisamodeloflanguagecompetence．“Performance”referstotheactualizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances．Itmeanstheactualsayingofsomething,theactofspeechitself．Competenceenablesaspeakertoproduceandunderstandverbalexpressions．Aspeaker’scompetenceisstablewhilehisperformanceisofteninfluencedbypsychologicalandsocialfactors．Aspeaker’sperformancedoesnotalwaysequalhissupposedcompetence．美国语言学家乔姆斯基提出这一对概念。“语言能力”指理想的语言使用者的抽象语言知识,也就是他对该语言的语音结构、词素和语法规则的知识。例如,生成转换语法。“语言运用”指理想的语言使用者的语言知识在实际的语言交际中的运用。它指言语行为的本身。语言能力使人能按一定的规则表达,能明白对方的话语。语言能力是相对稳定的,而语言运用往往受制于心理和社会因素。因此,说话者的语言运用并非总等同于他应具有的语言能力。