Questions are based on the following passage.Over
Questions are based on the following passage.
Over a decade ago, psychologist Barry Schwartz published what might be the ultimate psychological book, The Paradox (悖论) of Choice: Why More Is Less.In it, Schwartz argues that the modern world"s smorgasbord (大杂烩) of options——Coke Zero or Diet? Major in sociology or psychology? makes us less happy, not more."Choice overload", as he calls it, makes us question our decisions, set our expectations too high, and blame ourselves for our mistakes.
One of my favorite Schwartzisms is this: If you ever aren"t sure if you attended the very best party or bought the very best computer, just settle for "good enough".People who do this are called"satisficers", and they"re consistently happier, he"s found, than are "maximizers" (完美主义者), people who feel that they must choose the very best possible option.Maximizers earn more, Schwartz has found, but they"re also less satisfied with their jobs.In fact, they"re more likely to be clinically depressed in general.
The reason this happens, as Schwartz explained in a paper with his Swarthmore colleague Andrew Ward, is that as life circumstances improve, expectations rise. People begin comparing their experiences to peers who are doing better, or to past experiences they"ve personally had that were better.
As people have contact with items of high quality, they begin to suffer from "the curse of insight".The lower quality items that used to be perfectly acceptable are no longer good enough.The cheerful zero point keeps rising, and expectations and aspirations rise with it.As a result, the rising quality of experience is met with rising expectations, and people are just running in place.As long as expectations keep pace with realizations, people may live better, but they won"t feel better about how they live.
Schwartz" solution, as he recently explained to the psychology blogger Eric Barker, is just to settle for something that"s acceptable——even if you know there"s likely something better out there.Whenever you need a new laptop, buy the laptop identical with your maximizer friends".It is probably not the perfect laptop for you, but good enough for you.It takes you five minutes to make a decision instead of five weeks and it"s a "good enough" decision.
It can be hard, in our culture, to force yourself to settle for "good enough".But when it comes to happiness and satisfaction, "good enough" isn"t just good——it"s perfect.
What can be inferred from Schwartz‘s book? 查看材料
A.Striving for perfection is always a bad idea.
B.It is important not to have any expectation.
C.Too many options actually cause more mental distress.
D.Choice is one not merely of quantity, but of quality.
请帮忙给出正确答案和分析,谢谢!
参考解答
正确答案:C
全文翻译十年前,心理学家巴里·施瓦茨发表了可能是终极心理学书籍的著作《选择的悖论:为什么多即是少》。在书中,施瓦茨认为,现代世界的选择犹如大杂烩——零度可口可乐还是节食?主修社会学还是心理学?——这些选择使我们更不快乐,而不是更快乐。(56)正如他所说的,“选择超载”让我们质疑我们的决定,将我们的期望设置得太高.并且把我们的错误归咎于自己。我最喜欢的一个施瓦茨说法是这样的的:如果你不确定你是否参加了最好的聚会或买了最好的电脑,只要满足于“足够好”即可。(57)这样的人被称为“满足者”,他发现“满足者”比“完美主义者”更快乐,,“完美主义者”是指那些觉得他们必须选择尽可能最好的选择的人。施瓦茨发现,完美主义者挣得更多,但他们对自己的工作更不满意。事实上,他们通常更有可能被临床诊断患有抑郁症。(58)正如施瓦茨和他在斯沃斯莫尔的同事安德鲁‘沃德在一篇论文中解释的那样,发生这种情况的原因是,期望值随着生活环境的改善而上升。人们开始同做得更好的同龄人进行比较,或者同他们过去更好的个人经验进行比较。(59)当人们接触到高品质的物品时,他们开始遭受“洞察力的诅咒”之苦。过去曾经是完全可以接受的低质量物品已经不够好。令人愉快的基准点不断上升,期望和愿望也随之上升。因此,提升的体验质量恰逢上升的期望,而人们还在原地跑。只要期望与认识保持同步,人们可能生活得更好,但他们不会对他们如何生活感觉更好。(60)施瓦茨的解决方案,正如他最近向心理学博客作者埃里克.巴克解释的那样,就是满足于可以接受的东西——即使你知道很有可能还有更好的。当你需要一个新的笔记本电脑时,同你的完美主义者朋友买同一款。可能对你来说这不是最好的笔记本,但却是足够好的。只要花费你五分钟的时间而不是五周的时间就能做出决定,并且这是一个“足够好”的决定。在我们的文化中,强迫自己接受“足够好”可能很难。但当谈到幸福和满足,“足够好”并不只是好——而是好极了.详解详析定位:由题干中的Schwartz’sbook和各选项定位到原文第一段。详解:推理判断题。本题考查我们可以从施瓦茨的书中推断出什么。该段最后一句提及,“选择超载”,正如他所说的,让我们质疑我们的决定,将我们的期望设置得太高,并且把我们的错误归咎于自己。由此可以推断出,过多的选择实际上会造成过多的精神困扰,故C.符合文意,为答案。A.“追求完美一直都不是明智的想法”和D.“选择不仅仅在于数量,还在于质量”,原文均未提及,故排除;B.“不要有任何期望很重要”是针对本段中的setourexpectationstoohi曲设置的干扰项,原文该处说的是“选择超载”对我们的影响之一,而非施瓦茨书中可推断出的内容,故排除。
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